Bromley’s Auction Rooms

Tags

art, auctioneer

Street View: 14
Address: 26 St. James’s Street

The premises at number 26, St. James’s Street were, according to Tallis, used by Charles Jones, a gun maker, and by Bromley’s Auction Rooms. This joint occupation seems to have been a regular occurrence in the history of the building as at various times more than one name was registered in either a directory or, for instance, in the records of the Fire Office. The building does not look excessively large from the front, but if we look at Horwood’s 1799 map, we see, besides a re-numbering, that number 26 (was number 29), the fourth house from Ryder Street, seems to have a number of outhouses at the back, which may well explain the double occupancy. The front of the house shows two doors on either side of the window, presumably ensuring separate entrances to the different businesses.

The first time an auction room is mentioned at number 26 is in late 1824. While an advertisement in The Morning Chronicle of 26 June had announced that at number 26 a selection of pictures would be shown “at Mr. Hickman’s Gallery”, there is no suggestion that they were to be auctioned off. An advertisement in the same paper on 13 December of that year, however, specifically mentions “the auctioneer’s, 26 St. James’s St.”. It appears that one Mr. Cox is the auctioneer at that time who was to sell a house in Queen Square on behalf of the executors of the late owner. But an exhibition and auction room was not all that number 26 had on offer as on 19 January 1826, once again in The Morning Chronicle, the School for Fencing and Gymnastic Exercises, run by M. Hamon, is advertised as having been established some years since. In other words, number 26 was a multi-functional building.

But let’s turn to Mr. Bromley who announced a public sale of pictures at his “Auction Gallery” at 26 St. James’s in The Morning Chronicle of 19 December 1838. There is a problem identifying which Mr. Bromley was running the gallery cum auction room, as he did not put his first name in the advertisement. There was a Joseph Bromley, auctioneer at 17 Commercial Road, listed in the 1829 Post Office Directory, a business that was handed down to John Bromley & Son (Pigot’s Directory, 1839) and they may have extended their business to St. James’s Street, but it could just as well have been someone else of the same name. But whoever it was did not stay long, as on 18 March 1840, Henry Artaria “begs respectfully to inform the connoisseurs and amateurs of pictures” that he is selling, by auction, at his Gallery at number 26, a collection of pictures, among them works by Cuyp, Rubens, and Vande Velde. In this Morning Chronicle advertisement, Artaria also mentioned that he had for many years been the assistant of the late Mr. Harry Phillips of 73, New Bond Street. Phillips has been given his own post (here), but in this post we will follow his former assistant in his attempt to start his own auction house, although we will see later on that the Phillips-Artaria relationship was not just one of master and assistant.

Advertisement in The Art Journal, 1840

Henry Artaria, or to give him his full name, Henry Charles Ferdinand Artaria, frequently entered advertisements in the newspapers to announce the sale of various goods, such as, for instance, “velvet and tapestry carpets” which had been on show at the Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly⁽¹⁾, but he mainly dealt in pictures. It was not surprising that Henry specialised in paintings as his family ran an extensive publishing house / art dealers’ business in Vienna. The family originally came from the Lake Como district in Italy, but had moved to Vienna sometime before the year 1700 (see here). There was also an Artaria shop in Mainz and later in Mannheim, Germany, and after Henry’s death, it was said that he had worked in the Paris branch before coming to London. The immigration records show various Artarias coming over from either Germany or France to London. Unfortunately, first names or initials are frequently omitted in the records and all we learn from most of the entries is that one Artaria, merchant, came over on such and such a date. The most significant is probably the visit in October 1838 of Claudio Artaria, more or less coinciding with the moment Henry was setting up his own business after the death of Harry Phillips.

No picture of Artaria’s auction room has come to light, so instead this one from Ackermann’s Microcosm of London, 1808 (Source: British Museum)

In 1840 Henry married Elizabeth Cauty who had been Harry Phillips’s mistress and with whom she had at least four children. Whether Henry and Elizabeth lived at St. James’s Street is not clear as they do not appear in the 1841 census for that street and I have not found them anywhere else. In March 1843, Henry alerted his customers to his removal to 17, Golden Square, “in consequence of the expiration of his lease”, but he would “continue to effect the disposal of works of art, either by public or private treaty”.⁽²⁾ Henry seems to have done quite well for himself, but, according to Angelo C. Hayter, an artist, Artaria “was attacked by a brain fever” in the latter part of 1848 and was “since in a despondent state”. According to Hayter, Henry “was frequently in a distressed state of mind without any real cause, as his business was not at all complicated”.⁽³⁾ I am afraid that Henry’s ‘distressed state of mind’ led to his suicide. He pasted up every opening around the door and skylight in the room that was used to repair and varnish paintings at 33 George Street, Hanover Square, and lit a brazier with charcoal. His servant who had been told he need not come back after his lunch break on Thursday, found him on Friday morning, 25 January 1850, lying on his stomach with his hands under him. The jury returned the verdict: “that the deceased committed suicide by inhaling carbonic acid gas … whilst in a state of temporary insanity”.⁽⁴⁾

Although Angelo Hayter, who was, by the way, the son of artist George Hayter and his mistress Louisa Cauty, the sister of Henry Artaria’s wife, had already said that Henry Artaria’s family came from Como, Italy, and hence the link with the Artarias of Vienna could be deduced, Henry’s will proves this beyond doubt. He leaves all his interests in the family firm on the Kohlmarkt in Vienna and also his share in a freehold estate in Blevio (Lake Como), which he had inherited from his father, to his mother Nanette Artaria. After her decease, his share was to go to his brother Claudio and his sister Emma. All his possessions in England were to go to his wife Elizabeth. He named a friend Frederic Wilmet and his wife’s brother, Henry John Cauty, surgeon at Liverpool, as his executors for the English side of the business and his brother and sister for the Continental side of his affairs.⁽⁵⁾ Widow Elizabeth remarried later that year to John Smith, an art dealer and historian. She died in early 1853.

The Times, 24 April 1850. Click to enlarge image

On 23 April 1850, Henry’s collection of paintings was sold at the Phillips auction house in New Bond Street. The report on the sale in The Times said that the price realised was approaching £5,000. Quite a number of the pictures in the list given by the newspaper can still be traced as, for instance, lot 45: A landscape with an aquaduct over a narrow stream, sold for 78 guineas and recently sold at Bonhams (see here); also lot 82: Caspar Netscher’s Lady with a watch, sold for 70 guineas, now in the Wallace collection (see here); and one that was not mentioned in the newspaper report, but is now also in the Wallace Collection: Giovanni Bernardo Carbone’s Portrait of a Nobleman (see here). So, although Henry Artaria only worked as an independent auctioneer for ten years, his name is still frequently mentioned in the provenances of important paintings and as such his influence in the art world is greater than his short professional existence would perhaps suggest.

Adam Pynacker, Travellers on a bridge (Source: bonhams.com)

Caspar Netscher, Lady with a Watch (© Wallace Collection, London)

Giovanni Bernardo Carbone, Portrait of a Nobleman (© Wallace Collection, London)

(1) The Examiner, 25 July 1840.
(2) The Times, 17 March 1843.
(3) The Era, 3 February 1850.
(4) The Standard, 29 January 1850.
(5) PROB 11/2109/201.

Neighbours:

<– 27 St. James’s Street

25 St. James’s Street –>

Charles and William Eley, patent wire cartridge warehouse

Tags

guns

Street View: 14
Address: 36 St. James’s Street

In July 1828, Charles Ely, patent shot cartridge manufacturer, of 11 Kirby Street, Hatton Garden, took out a fire insurance. Later that year, on 17 December, he and his brother William took out another policy with the Sun Fire Office for their premises at 14 Charlotte Street, Rathbone Place. They are listed as “patent shot cartridge manufacturers”. On the face of it, they entered into a partnership somewhere in the second half of 1828. However, at the end of December 1828, their partnership is already dissolved.⁽¹⁾ They are then described as “of Lovell’s-Court, Paternoster-Row, London, Silversmiths, and of Charlotte-Street, Fitzroy-Square […] Patent Shot Cartridge Manufacturers”.

trade card (Source: British Museum)

By 1837, they, or perhaps just William, must have moved to 36 St. James’s Street where Tallis was to find them, because in the insurance entry for Robert Thomas, bootmaker and dealer in spurs, they are mentioned as the other occupiers of the premises. As you can see from the elevation at the top of this post, number 36 was a large property on the corner of Jermyn Street, which the Eleys shared with Robert Thomas. Whether Charles was actively involved in the shop, or whether he remained in the background, just having a financial stake, is not entirely clear, but on the 1st of January 1840, the brothers once again dissolve a partnership. The St. James’s Street address is given, but Old Bond Street is also mentioned. They apparently did not live above the shop as the 1841 census locates William and his family in Chelsea, and Charles with his family in Cheshunt, Hertfordshire.

Advert in Street View 14

Charles and William had developed a cartridge which looks as if they wrapped chicken wire around the shot, but apparently you could shoot further with them than with loose shot, the idea being that the wire came off somewhere between the gun and the target. The wire was wrapped in thin paper and also contained the wadding, so it was a lot easier to load your gun with one of those than with loose shot. Sorry animals, I am just repeating their brochure, not condoning the use of their ammunition. One of their advertorial brochures, explaining the product in detail, can be found online here. An instruction paper on how to load your gun with the wire cartridges and more technical information can be found here.

But, as we all know, guns, gunpowder and accessory chemicals are dangerous things to handle and it went drastically wrong in June 1841. Below the report found in several newspapers.

Dreadful explosion in Old Bond Street – On Friday evening, between the hours of six and seven o’clock, a tremendous explosion, similar to a discharge of cannon, was heard to proceed from the extensive manufactory of Messrs. Eley and Company, cartridge and percussion cap manufacturers, of Emmatt’s Mews, Old Bond-street. A vast number of persons immediately proceeded to the premises, accompanied by a number of the police on duty near the spot, when they found that great destruction had taken place. It was very shortly discovered that Mr. Eley, the proprietor of the manufactory, and who carries on his business in St. James’s, at the corner of Jermyn-street, had perished. On search being made through the dilapidated premises he was discovered stretched on the floor of the counting house, a frightful spectacle. His left arm and hand were blown off, his right thigh was nearly severed, both his feet were blown to pieces, his person in other respects was mutilated and blackened, and scarcely a remnant of his apparel was left about him. Information of the awful catastrophe was immediately forwarded to Mr. Gell, coroner for Westminster, who appointed Saturday afternoon for the holding of the inquest. After the jury had viewed the body of the deceased, the following evidence was produced. Mr. Charles Eley, of Cheshunt, said that deceased was in the habit of using detonating or fulminating mercury, a composition of most combustable and dangerous nature. He had no doubt that deceased was stirring the composition when it exploded. A soliciter stated, on behalf of Mr. Emmatt, the proprietor of the premises, that he had not been aware of any combustable matter being used by the deceased; that had the fact been known to the neighbours deceased would have been indicted. Ann Stubbins, servant to the deceased, stated that the whole of the partition and roof of the room in which the composition was made had been more or less carried away and injured, and all the windows destroyed. Joseph Long and James Price, both in the deceased’s employ, stated that the detonating mercury was obtained at Mr. Diamond’s, on Holborn-hill. After other evidence had been heard, the jury returned a verdict of “accidental death.” The deceased, who has left a large family, was much respected.⁽²⁾

Despite this fatal warning, the Eleys continued producing their dangerous products and are, in fact, still in business. You can read the later history of the firm here or on their own website here.

Advert in The Bradford Observer; and Halifax, Huddersfield, and Keighley Reporter, 25 September 1845

(1) The London Gazette, 30 January 1829.
(2) The Morning Post, 28 June 1841. Most of the other London newspapers carried a similar report.